Migration from India to Pakistan after 1951.

Even after the 1951 Census, many Muslim families from India continued migrating to Pakistan through the Jodhpur-Sindh via Khokhrapar. Normally, traffic between India and West Pakistan was controlled by the permit system. But these Muslims coming via Khokhrapar came without permits to West Pakistan.

From January 1952 to the end of September, 53,209 Muslim emigrants came via Khokhrapar. Most of these probably came from the U.P. In one month, in October 1952, up to 6,808 emigrants came by this route. After that Pakistan became much stricter on allowing entry on the introduction of the passport system.

Indian Muslim migration to West Pakistan continued unabated despite the cessation of the permit system between the two countries and the introduction of the passport system between the two countries. A fair number of Muslims crossed in Pakistan from India, via Rajasthan and Sindh daily. Mostly they came from Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. They came in for better chances of employment.

The 1951 census in Pakistan recorded 671,000 refugees in East Pakistan, the majority of which came from West Bengal. The rest were from Bihar. By 1961 the numbers reached 850,000.

In the aftermath of the riots in Ranchi and Jamshedpur, Biharis continued to migrate to East Pakistan well into the late sixties and added up to around a million. Crude estimates suggest that about 1.5 million Muslims migrated from West Bengal and Bihar to East Bengal in the two decades after partition.

In 1952 the passport system was introduced for travel purposes between the two countries. The legal route was taken by unemployed but educated Indian Muslims seeking better fortunes in Pakistan, however poorer Muslims from India continued to come illegally via the Rajasthan-Sindh border until the 1965 India-Pakistan war when that route was shut.

In 1959 the International Labour Organisation (ILO) published a report stating that between the periods of 1951-1956, several 650,000 Muslims from India relocated to West Pakistan.

The 1961 Census of Pakistan incorporates a statement suggesting that there had been a migration of 800,000 people from India to Pakistan throughout the previous decade.

After the conclusion of the 1965 war, most Muslims who wanted to come to Pakistan had to come via the India-East Pakistani border. Once reaching Dhaka, most made their way to the final destination in Karachi.